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Messenger RNA Are Lost In Translation: Study Challenges Current View
ScienceDaily (Aug. 23, 2009) — Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine assistant professor in the Center for RNA Molecular Biology, Jeff Coller, Ph.D., and his team discovered that messenger RNA (mRNA) predominately degrade on ribosomes, fundamentally altering a common understanding of how gene expression is controlled within the cell. The study is published in the latest issue of Nature.
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"Many genetic diseases are linked to mutations that can cause mis-regulation of RNA destruction so it's important to know the when, where and how the cell normally controls the process of mRNA decay," said Dr. Coller.
mRNA communicates genetic information from DNA to ribosomes where the information is converted to proteins. Proteins catalyze the reactions of life and how much protein is made is critical to fine tune the function of the cell. This means that the amount of mRNA present within the cell is vital for overall cellular health.
The rates of RNA synthesis and destruction determine the overall levels of mRNA. While the details of mRNA synthesis have been studied intensely over the years, the mechanism(s) controlling mRNA decay remain unclear. Prior to Dr. Coller's study it had been thought that once an mRNA had ended its utility it was removed from ribosomes and possibly transported to specialized structures within the cell, called P-bodies, where they are eventually destroyed.
Contrary to this prediction, Dr. Coller's research demonstrates that decay takes place while mRNAs are associated with actively translating ribosomes.
"The data clearly indicate that sequestration into a ribosome-free state (like a P-body) is not a prerequisite for initiation of mRNA decay," said Dr. Coller. Moreover, Dr. Coller and colleagues believe that this new understanding provides an evolutionary explanation for the nature of the decay pathway and may lead into new insights into how cytoplasmic gene regulation occurs, offering insight into disease states that result when things go awry.
"A lot is known about how mRNAs are made, but much less is understood about the mechanisms that control their destruction," said Michael Bender, Ph.D., who oversees RNA processing grants at the National Institutes of Health's National Institute of General Medical Sciences. "This work breaks new ground by shedding light on one of the cell's major mRNA degradation pathways—a key regulatory point for gene expression—and by challenging accepted models of mRNA decay."
Dr. Coller's findings raise several interesting mechanistic questions, for instance how mRNA's are destroyed at different rates. Some are long lived, some short lived. Scientists currently do not understand how these differences in mRNA decay rate are determined, but clearly this understanding is vital for predicting how mutations will impact cellular function.
"Now that we have found that mRNAs are degraded on ribosomes we can begin to understand how the degradation machinery interacts with ribosomes and how it is triggered to destroy the message," said Dr. Coller. "Eventually, we hope to create a rule book that would allow us to predict which mRNA is going to last only a few minutes and which will be expressed hours or days. This has huge impact on cellular protein levels and perhaps this understanding would lead to new advances in gene therapy and viral vaccinations."
Funding for this study was provided by the American Heart Association and National Institute of Health.
Journal reference:
1. Hu et al. Co-translational mRNA decay in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Nature, 2009; DOI: 10.1038/nature08265
Adapted from materials provided by Case Western Reserve University, via EurekAlert!, a service of AAAS.
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Related Stories
Entirely New Process In Cell RNA Discovered (May 14, 2007) — Scientists have discovered an entirely new process in which short, tiny "antisense RNA" competes with the protein-producing ribosomes for starting sites for reading messenger RNA. These unexpected ... > read more
How MicroRNAs Block Protein Synthesis (May 17, 2007) — Researchers have developed a new method that uncovered the mode of action of microRNAs in a test tube. The study reveals that microRNAs block the initiation of translation, the earliest step in the ... > read more
Newly Identified Mechanism For Silencing Genes Points To Possible Anti-cancer Strategies (May 17, 2007) — Scientists are only beginning to appreciate the extraordinary degree of control exercised over every step of the gene-to-protein production process. Only about 10 percent of human genes, for example, ... > read more
New Gene Regulation Mechanism Discovered (Oct. 26, 2005) — Researchers have discovered a new kind of messenger RNA molecule that is rapidly cleaved in response to cellular stress such as viral infection. The discovery reveals a "cut and run" mechanism that ... > read more
Molecular Machine Turns Packaged Messenger RNA Into A Linear Transcript (Feb. 23, 2009) — For RNA, the gateway to a productive life outside the nucleus is the nuclear pore complex, an amalgamation of 30 kinds of proteins that regulates all traffic passing through the nuclear membrane. New ... > read more
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Messenger RNA Are Lost In Translation: Study Challenges Current View
ScienceDaily (Aug. 23, 2009) — Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine assistant professor in the Center for RNA Molecular Biology, Jeff Coller, Ph.D., and his team discovered that messenger RNA (mRNA) predominately degrade on ribosomes, fundamentally altering a common understanding of how gene expression is controlled within the cell. The study is published in the latest issue of Nature.
See also:
Plants & Animals
* Cell Biology
* Genetics
* Molecular Biology
* Biochemistry Research
* Biotechnology
* Biology
Reference
* RNA
* Morphogenesis
* Protein biosynthesis
* Cell (biology)
"Many genetic diseases are linked to mutations that can cause mis-regulation of RNA destruction so it's important to know the when, where and how the cell normally controls the process of mRNA decay," said Dr. Coller.
mRNA communicates genetic information from DNA to ribosomes where the information is converted to proteins. Proteins catalyze the reactions of life and how much protein is made is critical to fine tune the function of the cell. This means that the amount of mRNA present within the cell is vital for overall cellular health.
The rates of RNA synthesis and destruction determine the overall levels of mRNA. While the details of mRNA synthesis have been studied intensely over the years, the mechanism(s) controlling mRNA decay remain unclear. Prior to Dr. Coller's study it had been thought that once an mRNA had ended its utility it was removed from ribosomes and possibly transported to specialized structures within the cell, called P-bodies, where they are eventually destroyed.
Contrary to this prediction, Dr. Coller's research demonstrates that decay takes place while mRNAs are associated with actively translating ribosomes.
"The data clearly indicate that sequestration into a ribosome-free state (like a P-body) is not a prerequisite for initiation of mRNA decay," said Dr. Coller. Moreover, Dr. Coller and colleagues believe that this new understanding provides an evolutionary explanation for the nature of the decay pathway and may lead into new insights into how cytoplasmic gene regulation occurs, offering insight into disease states that result when things go awry.
"A lot is known about how mRNAs are made, but much less is understood about the mechanisms that control their destruction," said Michael Bender, Ph.D., who oversees RNA processing grants at the National Institutes of Health's National Institute of General Medical Sciences. "This work breaks new ground by shedding light on one of the cell's major mRNA degradation pathways—a key regulatory point for gene expression—and by challenging accepted models of mRNA decay."
Dr. Coller's findings raise several interesting mechanistic questions, for instance how mRNA's are destroyed at different rates. Some are long lived, some short lived. Scientists currently do not understand how these differences in mRNA decay rate are determined, but clearly this understanding is vital for predicting how mutations will impact cellular function.
"Now that we have found that mRNAs are degraded on ribosomes we can begin to understand how the degradation machinery interacts with ribosomes and how it is triggered to destroy the message," said Dr. Coller. "Eventually, we hope to create a rule book that would allow us to predict which mRNA is going to last only a few minutes and which will be expressed hours or days. This has huge impact on cellular protein levels and perhaps this understanding would lead to new advances in gene therapy and viral vaccinations."
Funding for this study was provided by the American Heart Association and National Institute of Health.
Journal reference:
1. Hu et al. Co-translational mRNA decay in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Nature, 2009; DOI: 10.1038/nature08265
Adapted from materials provided by Case Western Reserve University, via EurekAlert!, a service of AAAS.
Email or share this story:
| More
Need to cite this story in your essay, paper, or report? Use one of the following formats:
APA
MLA
Related Stories
Entirely New Process In Cell RNA Discovered (May 14, 2007) — Scientists have discovered an entirely new process in which short, tiny "antisense RNA" competes with the protein-producing ribosomes for starting sites for reading messenger RNA. These unexpected ... > read more
How MicroRNAs Block Protein Synthesis (May 17, 2007) — Researchers have developed a new method that uncovered the mode of action of microRNAs in a test tube. The study reveals that microRNAs block the initiation of translation, the earliest step in the ... > read more
Newly Identified Mechanism For Silencing Genes Points To Possible Anti-cancer Strategies (May 17, 2007) — Scientists are only beginning to appreciate the extraordinary degree of control exercised over every step of the gene-to-protein production process. Only about 10 percent of human genes, for example, ... > read more
New Gene Regulation Mechanism Discovered (Oct. 26, 2005) — Researchers have discovered a new kind of messenger RNA molecule that is rapidly cleaved in response to cellular stress such as viral infection. The discovery reveals a "cut and run" mechanism that ... > read more
Molecular Machine Turns Packaged Messenger RNA Into A Linear Transcript (Feb. 23, 2009) — For RNA, the gateway to a productive life outside the nucleus is the nuclear pore complex, an amalgamation of 30 kinds of proteins that regulates all traffic passing through the nuclear membrane. New ... > read more
Search ScienceDaily
Number of stories in archives: 44,032
Find with keyword(s):
Enter a keyword or phrase to search ScienceDaily's archives for related news topics,
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Just In:
Lightning's Mirror Image ... Only Much Bigger
Using Light To Teach Magnets New Tricks
Research May Point To 'Off Switch' For Cancer
Microchip Does 1,000 Chemical Reactions At Once
Naming Evolution's Winners And Losers
Inner 'Fingerprint' For Personal Medical Care
Why Sleep? To Boost Efficiency, Minimize Risk
Ultrathin LEDs: New Class Of Displays
Science Video News
New Disaster Warning Standard
Several federal agencies are beginning to implement a common, standardized system for disseminating disaster alerts, called the Common Alert. ... > full story
* Psychobiologists Find Genetic Component in Children's Food Preference
* Oceanographers Uncover The Physics Of Rip Currents
* Neuroendocrinologists Unlock Chemical Trigger to Puberty
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* S.Korea seeks 4-year prison term for stem cell fraud
* Encyclopedia of Life grows; clues on ageing, pests
* Satellites put into orbit for Japan and Australia
* Scientists make "sugar bug" drug for bowel disease
* Gene swap experiment makes altering bugs easier
* more science news
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* Facebook to boost staff by 50% in 2009: report
* Netanyahu sees talks with Palestinians in 2 months
* Justice Dept advises pursuing CIA abuses: report
* Suspect in U.S. model murder found dead in Canada
* Storm Bill loses steam in North Atlantic
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