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Ultimate Long Distance Communication: Talking To Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter
ScienceDaily (Aug. 20, 2009) — Anyone who's vacationed in the mountains or lived on a farm knows that it's hard to get good internet access or a strong cell phone signal in a remote area. Communicating across great distances has always been a challenge. So when NASA engineers designed the Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter (LRO), they knew it would need an extraordinary communications system.
See also:
Space & Time
* Moon
* Space Exploration
* Satellites
Computers & Math
* Information Technology
* Encryption
* Hacking
Reference
* Voyager program
* Exploration of Mars
* Phoenix (spacecraft)
* NASA
Over the next year, the LRO, NASA's diligent robotic scout, will collect more information about the moon's surface and environment than any previous mission. It takes a powerful system to send all of this information more than 238,800 miles back to Earth.
A 13-inch-long tube, called a Traveling Wave Tube Amplifier, is making it possible for scientists to receive massive amounts of images and data from the orbiter at an unusually fast rate. It is the first high data rate K-band transmitter to fly on a NASA spacecraft.
With this new amplifier, LRO can transmit 461 gigabytes of data per day. That's more information than you can find in a four-story library. And it transmits this information at a rate of up to 100 megabytes per second. By comparison, typical high-speed internet service provides about 1 to 3 megabytes per second.
L-3 Communications Electron Technologies built the amplifier under the supervision of NASA's Glenn Research Center in Cleveland. The device uses electrodes in a vacuum tube to amplify microwave signals to high power. It's ideal for sending large amounts of data over a long distance because it provides more power and more efficiency than its alternative, the transistor amplifier.
As the orbiter collects information about the moon's geography, climate and environment, the communication system transmits this information to a receiver at a Ka band antenna network at White Sands Test Facility in New Mexico. Scientists are using the data to compile high-resolution, 3D maps of the lunar surface.
"We're sending back more data than ever, faster and it's nearly real time," said Glenn project manager Todd Peterson.
Traveling Wave Tube Amplifiers have been used for other planetary missions, such as Kepler and Cassini, but previous designs were less powerful. According to Rainee Simons, chief of Glenn's Electron and Optoelectronic Device Branch, engineers had to redesign the internal circuitry of the amplifier.
"In order to provide the power and frequency needed to send communications from the vicinity of the moon, it had to be custom designed and handmade," he said.
The orbiter's Traveling Wave Tube Amplifier is also more efficient than previous amplifiers. When it comes to launching satellites, weight means money. The heavier the spacecraft, the more fuel it needs to reach orbit. Because the new amplifier packs more power into a lighter design than previous microwave amplifiers, it's cheaper to fly.
The amplifier underwent vigorous spaceflight testing -- including vibration, thermal vacuum, radiation and electromagnetic interference tests -- to ensure that it could withstand the intense conditions of launch and lunar orbit.
Simons, Peterson and other members of the Glenn team were on standby when LRO entered its final orbit and began transmitting data. They were thrilled to hear that it's working properly, not only because LRO is a vital step toward returning humans to the moon, but also because they believe the new amplifier can improve life on Earth in countless ways.
If used on communication satellites, it could allow for much better tracking, monitoring and control of transoceanic flights and ships traveling beyond the reach of radar.
It also could enable real-time data transfer from future Earth-orbiting satellites. Such satellites are used to track migratory animals, endangered species, icebergs, volcanic eruptions and forest fires, and to aid in search and rescue operations. They're used to study climate change and meteorology as well.
According to Simons, by collecting more timely data about the interaction of our atmosphere, ocean and land, we could save lives and property during severe weather.
"This technology has the potential to create a better world," he said.
Adapted from materials provided by NASA.
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NASA (2009, August 20). Ultimate Long Distance Communication: Talking To Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter. ScienceDaily. Retrieved August 24, 2009, from http://www.sciencedaily.com /releases/2009/08/090819150521.htm
This image shows cratered regions near the moon's Mare Nubium region, as photographed by the Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter. (Credit: NASA)
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Related Stories
Next NASA Moon Mission Completes Major Milestone (Jan. 12, 2009) — NASA's Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter, or LRO, has successfully completed thermal vacuum testing, which simulates the extreme hot, cold and airless conditions of space LRO will experience after launch. ... > read more
NASA Lunar Mission Successfully Enters Moon Orbit (June 24, 2009) — After a four and a half day journey from the Earth, the Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter, or LRO, has successfully entered orbit around the moon. Engineers at NASA's Goddard Space Flight Center in ... > read more
Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter: NASA Returns To The Moon With First Lunar Launch In A Decade (June 19, 2009) — NASA's Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter has successfully launched aboard an Atlas V rocket from Cape Canaveral Air Force Station in Florida. The satellite will relay more information about the lunar ... > read more
NASA Mission To Seek Water Ice On Moon Heads To Florida For Launch (Feb. 18, 2009) — NASA's Lunar Crater Observation and Sensing Satellite, known as LCROSS, is enroute from Northrop Grumman's facility in Redondo Beach, Calif., to NASA's Kennedy Space Center in Florida in preparation ... > read more
SMART-1's Bridge To The Future Exploration Of The Moon (Mar. 11, 2007) — ESA's SMART-1 moon mission has become a bridge to the future of lunar science and ... > read more
Search ScienceDaily
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Naming Evolution's Winners And Losers
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Traffic Reports From Your Cell Phone
Real-time cell phone use data can now be turned into better travel information. The new system, being tested in some states, follows the movement of. ... > full story
* Roboticists Create Rover To Move And Drill On The Moon
* Total Lunar Eclipse Casts Eerie Red And Orange Glow
* Electrical Engineers Show Wireless Can Make a Difference in Emergencies
* more science videos
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* more science news
In Other News ...
* Fire-fighters, planes battle wildfires near Athens
* Justice Dept advises pursuing CIA abuses: report
* Suspect in U.S. model murder found dead in Canada
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* Hurricane Bill kills 2 in U.S., drenches eastern Canada
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Ultimate Long Distance Communication: Talking To Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter
ScienceDaily (Aug. 20, 2009) — Anyone who's vacationed in the mountains or lived on a farm knows that it's hard to get good internet access or a strong cell phone signal in a remote area. Communicating across great distances has always been a challenge. So when NASA engineers designed the Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter (LRO), they knew it would need an extraordinary communications system.
See also:
Space & Time
* Moon
* Space Exploration
* Satellites
Computers & Math
* Information Technology
* Encryption
* Hacking
Reference
* Voyager program
* Exploration of Mars
* Phoenix (spacecraft)
* NASA
Over the next year, the LRO, NASA's diligent robotic scout, will collect more information about the moon's surface and environment than any previous mission. It takes a powerful system to send all of this information more than 238,800 miles back to Earth.
A 13-inch-long tube, called a Traveling Wave Tube Amplifier, is making it possible for scientists to receive massive amounts of images and data from the orbiter at an unusually fast rate. It is the first high data rate K-band transmitter to fly on a NASA spacecraft.
With this new amplifier, LRO can transmit 461 gigabytes of data per day. That's more information than you can find in a four-story library. And it transmits this information at a rate of up to 100 megabytes per second. By comparison, typical high-speed internet service provides about 1 to 3 megabytes per second.
L-3 Communications Electron Technologies built the amplifier under the supervision of NASA's Glenn Research Center in Cleveland. The device uses electrodes in a vacuum tube to amplify microwave signals to high power. It's ideal for sending large amounts of data over a long distance because it provides more power and more efficiency than its alternative, the transistor amplifier.
As the orbiter collects information about the moon's geography, climate and environment, the communication system transmits this information to a receiver at a Ka band antenna network at White Sands Test Facility in New Mexico. Scientists are using the data to compile high-resolution, 3D maps of the lunar surface.
"We're sending back more data than ever, faster and it's nearly real time," said Glenn project manager Todd Peterson.
Traveling Wave Tube Amplifiers have been used for other planetary missions, such as Kepler and Cassini, but previous designs were less powerful. According to Rainee Simons, chief of Glenn's Electron and Optoelectronic Device Branch, engineers had to redesign the internal circuitry of the amplifier.
"In order to provide the power and frequency needed to send communications from the vicinity of the moon, it had to be custom designed and handmade," he said.
The orbiter's Traveling Wave Tube Amplifier is also more efficient than previous amplifiers. When it comes to launching satellites, weight means money. The heavier the spacecraft, the more fuel it needs to reach orbit. Because the new amplifier packs more power into a lighter design than previous microwave amplifiers, it's cheaper to fly.
The amplifier underwent vigorous spaceflight testing -- including vibration, thermal vacuum, radiation and electromagnetic interference tests -- to ensure that it could withstand the intense conditions of launch and lunar orbit.
Simons, Peterson and other members of the Glenn team were on standby when LRO entered its final orbit and began transmitting data. They were thrilled to hear that it's working properly, not only because LRO is a vital step toward returning humans to the moon, but also because they believe the new amplifier can improve life on Earth in countless ways.
If used on communication satellites, it could allow for much better tracking, monitoring and control of transoceanic flights and ships traveling beyond the reach of radar.
It also could enable real-time data transfer from future Earth-orbiting satellites. Such satellites are used to track migratory animals, endangered species, icebergs, volcanic eruptions and forest fires, and to aid in search and rescue operations. They're used to study climate change and meteorology as well.
According to Simons, by collecting more timely data about the interaction of our atmosphere, ocean and land, we could save lives and property during severe weather.
"This technology has the potential to create a better world," he said.
Adapted from materials provided by NASA.
Email or share this story:
| More
Need to cite this story in your essay, paper, or report? Use one of the following formats:
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MLA
NASA (2009, August 20). Ultimate Long Distance Communication: Talking To Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter. ScienceDaily. Retrieved August 24, 2009, from http://www.sciencedaily.com /releases/2009/08/090819150521.htm
This image shows cratered regions near the moon's Mare Nubium region, as photographed by the Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter. (Credit: NASA)
Ads by Google
Advertise here
Microwave Training System
Xband with Solid state & Klystron 15 classroom exp., 97 page manual
www.relianceusa.com/microwave
Pericole sexuale
Lipsa de informare poate duce la deces. Afla mai mult!
www.informarehpv.ro
RF Band pass Filters
Ceramic,Diplexers,Duplexers,Cavity Crystal,LC,Lowpass,Highpass,SAW
www.www.anatechelectronics.com
NovoRapid®
Information on NovoRapid® for healthcare professionals.
www.NovoNordisk.com
Int. Diabetes Monitor
A free online review journal on trends in clinical diabetes.
InternationalDiabetesMonitor.com
Related Stories
Next NASA Moon Mission Completes Major Milestone (Jan. 12, 2009) — NASA's Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter, or LRO, has successfully completed thermal vacuum testing, which simulates the extreme hot, cold and airless conditions of space LRO will experience after launch. ... > read more
NASA Lunar Mission Successfully Enters Moon Orbit (June 24, 2009) — After a four and a half day journey from the Earth, the Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter, or LRO, has successfully entered orbit around the moon. Engineers at NASA's Goddard Space Flight Center in ... > read more
Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter: NASA Returns To The Moon With First Lunar Launch In A Decade (June 19, 2009) — NASA's Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter has successfully launched aboard an Atlas V rocket from Cape Canaveral Air Force Station in Florida. The satellite will relay more information about the lunar ... > read more
NASA Mission To Seek Water Ice On Moon Heads To Florida For Launch (Feb. 18, 2009) — NASA's Lunar Crater Observation and Sensing Satellite, known as LCROSS, is enroute from Northrop Grumman's facility in Redondo Beach, Calif., to NASA's Kennedy Space Center in Florida in preparation ... > read more
SMART-1's Bridge To The Future Exploration Of The Moon (Mar. 11, 2007) — ESA's SMART-1 moon mission has become a bridge to the future of lunar science and ... > read more
Search ScienceDaily
Number of stories in archives: 44,032
Find with keyword(s):
Enter a keyword or phrase to search ScienceDaily's archives for related news topics,
the latest news stories, reference articles, science videos, images, and books.
Ads by Google
Advertise here
Information Technology
Control your data. Information managment at its best. Visit today!
Informationagenda.techweb.com
Online Satellite Images
Find, View & Use Aerial Imagery w/ Global Mapper Software. Free Demo!
www.GlobalMapper.com
PriTel lasers
Fiber lasers for 10 GHz to 40 GHz EDFAs, compressors, multipliers
www.pritel.com
Just In:
Lightning's Mirror Image ... Only Much Bigger
Using Light To Teach Magnets New Tricks
Microchip Does 1,000 Chemical Reactions At Once
Naming Evolution's Winners And Losers
Inner 'Fingerprint' For Personal Medical Care
Why Sleep? To Boost Efficiency, Minimize Risk
Ultrathin LEDs: New Class Of Displays
Oxycholesterol: Greatest Heart Disease Risk?
Oxycholesterol: Greatest Heart Disease Risk?
Science Video News
Traffic Reports From Your Cell Phone
Real-time cell phone use data can now be turned into better travel information. The new system, being tested in some states, follows the movement of. ... > full story
* Roboticists Create Rover To Move And Drill On The Moon
* Total Lunar Eclipse Casts Eerie Red And Orange Glow
* Electrical Engineers Show Wireless Can Make a Difference in Emergencies
* more science videos
Breaking News
... from NewsDaily.com
* S.Korea seeks 4-year prison term for stem cell fraud
* Encyclopedia of Life grows; clues on ageing, pests
* Satellites put into orbit for Japan and Australia
* Scientists make "sugar bug" drug for bowel disease
* Gene swap experiment makes altering bugs easier
* more science news
In Other News ...
* Fire-fighters, planes battle wildfires near Athens
* Justice Dept advises pursuing CIA abuses: report
* Suspect in U.S. model murder found dead in Canada
* Facebook to boost staff by 50% in 2009: report
* Malaysian state to cane woman after Ramadan
* U.S. presses sanctions to end N.Korea atomic plans
* Singapore shoots down "rumor" of APEC attack plot
* Hurricane Bill kills 2 in U.S., drenches eastern Canada
* more top news
Copyright Reuters 2008. See Restrictions.
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