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Let There Be Light: Teaching Magnets To Do More Than Just Stick Around
ScienceDaily (Aug. 24, 2009) — That palm tree magnet commemorating your last vacation is programmed for a simple function – to stick to your refrigerator. Similarly, semiconductors are programmed to convey bits of information small and large, processing information on your computer or cell phone.
See also:
Matter & Energy
* Materials Science
* Electronics
* Physics
Computers & Math
* Hacking
* Encryption
* Quantum Computers
Reference
* Semiconductor
* Electrical conduction
* Nanowire
* Germanium
Scientists are working to coax those semiconductors to be more than conveyers, to actually perform some functions like magnets, such as data recording and electronic control. So far most of those effects could only be achieved at very cold temperatures: minus 260 degrees Celsius or more than 400 below zero Fahrenheit, likely too cold for most computer users.
However, researchers led by a University of Washington chemist report on Aug. 21 in Science that they have been able to train tiny semiconductor crystals, called nanocrystals or quantum dots, to display new magnetic functions at room temperature using light as a trigger.
Silicon-based semiconductor chips incorporate tiny transistors that manipulate electrons based on their charges. Scientists also are working on ways to use electricity to manipulate the electrons' magnetism, referred to as "spin," but are still searching for the breakthrough that will allow "spintronics" to function at room temperature without losing large amounts of the capability they have at frigid temperatures.
The team led by Daniel Gamelin, a UW chemistry professor, has found a way to use photons – tiny light particles – to manipulate the magnetism of semiconductor nanocrystals efficiently, even up to room temperature.
"This provides a completely new approach to microelectronics, if you can use spin instead of charge to process information and use photons to manipulate that process," Gamelin said. "It opens the door to materials that store information and perform logic functions at the same time without the need for super cooling."
The team used nanocrystals of a cadmium-selenium semiconductor called cadmium selenide, but replaced some nonmagnetic cadmium ions with magnetic manganese ions. The crystals, smaller than 10 nanometers across (a nanometer is one-billionth of an inch), were then suspended in a colloid solution, like droplets of cream suspended in milk.
Beams of photons were used to align all of the manganese ions' spins, creating magnetic fields as much as 500 times more powerful than in the same semiconductor material without manganese. The magnetic effects were strongest at low temperatures, but remained remarkably strong up to room temperature, Gamelin said.
Besides Gamelin, authors of the Science paper are Rémi Beaulac and Paul Archer of the UW and Lars Schneider and Gerd Bacher of the University of Duisburg-Essen in Germany.
In a second paper published Sunday (Aug. 16) in the online edition of Nature Nanotechnology, Gamelin's group reported related effects in semiconductor nanocrystals made of zinc oxide but also containing small amounts of manganese impurities.
With zinc oxide, photons acted more as an on-off switch – once photons altered the zinc oxide's magnetism, the photon stream could be removed and the effect remained in place until another stimulus was applied to turn the effect off again.
Besides Gamelin, authors of the Nature Nanotechnology paper are Stefan Ochsenbein, Yong Feng, Kelly Whitaker, Ekaterina Badaeva, William Liu and Xiaosong Li, all of the UW.
Some behaviors described in the papers have been seen previously at very low temperatures, but in those cases the active materials were embedded in other crystals and so could not be isolated or processed. Suspending the nanocrystals in a colloid solution brings the magnetic effects into a new functional form that could be useful for integration with unconventional materials, Gamelin said. For example, the solution containing the crystals could be applied to a film using a device like an ink jet printer, or interfaced with carbon-based materials using techniques not typically practical for magnetic semiconductors.
"We've brought these spin effects into a processable form," he said. "I think both of these papers are converging on the same applications. We're exploring how to manipulate spins in these nanostructures and perhaps opening the door for some exciting new technologies."
Funding for the work in the two papers came from the U.S. National Science Foundation, the Dreyfus Foundation, the Sloan Foundation, the Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada, the German Research Foundation, Gaussian Inc., the Research Corp., the Swiss National Science Foundation and the University of Washington.
Adapted from materials provided by University of Washington.
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University of Washington (2009, August 24). Let There Be Light: Teaching Magnets To Do More Than Just Stick Around. ScienceDaily. Retrieved August 24, 2009, from http://www.sciencedaily.com /releases/2009/08/090820161127.htm
enlarge
Strong dopant-exciton magnetic exchange coupling in doped QDs can allow formation of magnetic polarons, where the spins of the dopants spontaneously align with the exciton spin. Key: Small green arrows: Mn2+ spins. Big yellow arrow: exciton spin. h½ = photoexcitation. EMP = excitonic magnetic polaron. rad = radiative decay. SLR = magnetic relaxation. Bext = external magnetic field. (Credit: Image courtesy of Daniel Gamelin/University of Washington)
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Related Stories
Nanoscience Study Shows That Quantum Dots 'Talk' (Feb. 23, 2006) — Scientists who hope to use quantum dots as the building blocks for the next generation of computers have found a way to make these artificial atoms ... > read more
New Record For Brightness Of Quantum Dots Set (Sep. 26, 2007) — By placing quantum dots on a specially designed photonic crystal, researchers have demonstrated enhanced fluorescence intensity by a factor of up to 108. Potential applications include ... > read more
Low Cost Quantum Dots For Biological Research Produced Through Microwave Synthesis (June 19, 2008) — Materials researchers have developed a simplified, low-cost process for producing high-quality, water-soluble 'quantum dots' for biological ... > read more
Scientists Develop Novel Multi-color Light-emitting Diodes (May 18, 2005) — A team of University of California scientists at Los Alamos National Laboratory have developed the first completely inorganic, multi-color light-emitting diodes (LEDs) based on colloidal quantum dots ... > read more
Smallest Quantum Dots Ever Created (Jan. 28, 2009) — Single atom quantum dots make possible a new level of control over individual electrons, a development that suddenly brings quantum dot-based devices within reach. Composed of a single atom of ... > read more
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ScienceDaily: Your source for the latest research news and science breakthroughs -- updated daily
Science News
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Let There Be Light: Teaching Magnets To Do More Than Just Stick Around
ScienceDaily (Aug. 24, 2009) — That palm tree magnet commemorating your last vacation is programmed for a simple function – to stick to your refrigerator. Similarly, semiconductors are programmed to convey bits of information small and large, processing information on your computer or cell phone.
See also:
Matter & Energy
* Materials Science
* Electronics
* Physics
Computers & Math
* Hacking
* Encryption
* Quantum Computers
Reference
* Semiconductor
* Electrical conduction
* Nanowire
* Germanium
Scientists are working to coax those semiconductors to be more than conveyers, to actually perform some functions like magnets, such as data recording and electronic control. So far most of those effects could only be achieved at very cold temperatures: minus 260 degrees Celsius or more than 400 below zero Fahrenheit, likely too cold for most computer users.
However, researchers led by a University of Washington chemist report on Aug. 21 in Science that they have been able to train tiny semiconductor crystals, called nanocrystals or quantum dots, to display new magnetic functions at room temperature using light as a trigger.
Silicon-based semiconductor chips incorporate tiny transistors that manipulate electrons based on their charges. Scientists also are working on ways to use electricity to manipulate the electrons' magnetism, referred to as "spin," but are still searching for the breakthrough that will allow "spintronics" to function at room temperature without losing large amounts of the capability they have at frigid temperatures.
The team led by Daniel Gamelin, a UW chemistry professor, has found a way to use photons – tiny light particles – to manipulate the magnetism of semiconductor nanocrystals efficiently, even up to room temperature.
"This provides a completely new approach to microelectronics, if you can use spin instead of charge to process information and use photons to manipulate that process," Gamelin said. "It opens the door to materials that store information and perform logic functions at the same time without the need for super cooling."
The team used nanocrystals of a cadmium-selenium semiconductor called cadmium selenide, but replaced some nonmagnetic cadmium ions with magnetic manganese ions. The crystals, smaller than 10 nanometers across (a nanometer is one-billionth of an inch), were then suspended in a colloid solution, like droplets of cream suspended in milk.
Beams of photons were used to align all of the manganese ions' spins, creating magnetic fields as much as 500 times more powerful than in the same semiconductor material without manganese. The magnetic effects were strongest at low temperatures, but remained remarkably strong up to room temperature, Gamelin said.
Besides Gamelin, authors of the Science paper are Rémi Beaulac and Paul Archer of the UW and Lars Schneider and Gerd Bacher of the University of Duisburg-Essen in Germany.
In a second paper published Sunday (Aug. 16) in the online edition of Nature Nanotechnology, Gamelin's group reported related effects in semiconductor nanocrystals made of zinc oxide but also containing small amounts of manganese impurities.
With zinc oxide, photons acted more as an on-off switch – once photons altered the zinc oxide's magnetism, the photon stream could be removed and the effect remained in place until another stimulus was applied to turn the effect off again.
Besides Gamelin, authors of the Nature Nanotechnology paper are Stefan Ochsenbein, Yong Feng, Kelly Whitaker, Ekaterina Badaeva, William Liu and Xiaosong Li, all of the UW.
Some behaviors described in the papers have been seen previously at very low temperatures, but in those cases the active materials were embedded in other crystals and so could not be isolated or processed. Suspending the nanocrystals in a colloid solution brings the magnetic effects into a new functional form that could be useful for integration with unconventional materials, Gamelin said. For example, the solution containing the crystals could be applied to a film using a device like an ink jet printer, or interfaced with carbon-based materials using techniques not typically practical for magnetic semiconductors.
"We've brought these spin effects into a processable form," he said. "I think both of these papers are converging on the same applications. We're exploring how to manipulate spins in these nanostructures and perhaps opening the door for some exciting new technologies."
Funding for the work in the two papers came from the U.S. National Science Foundation, the Dreyfus Foundation, the Sloan Foundation, the Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada, the German Research Foundation, Gaussian Inc., the Research Corp., the Swiss National Science Foundation and the University of Washington.
Adapted from materials provided by University of Washington.
Email or share this story:
| More
Need to cite this story in your essay, paper, or report? Use one of the following formats:
APA
MLA
University of Washington (2009, August 24). Let There Be Light: Teaching Magnets To Do More Than Just Stick Around. ScienceDaily. Retrieved August 24, 2009, from http://www.sciencedaily.com /releases/2009/08/090820161127.htm
enlarge
Strong dopant-exciton magnetic exchange coupling in doped QDs can allow formation of magnetic polarons, where the spins of the dopants spontaneously align with the exciton spin. Key: Small green arrows: Mn2+ spins. Big yellow arrow: exciton spin. h½ = photoexcitation. EMP = excitonic magnetic polaron. rad = radiative decay. SLR = magnetic relaxation. Bext = external magnetic field. (Credit: Image courtesy of Daniel Gamelin/University of Washington)
Ads by Google
Advertise here
Magnets & Electromagnets
Magnetic solutions manufacturer Industrial quality magnets supplier
www.ima.es
Magnetic Material List
Visit Our Website To Check Our Huge List Of Products & Place Your Order
www.Trans-Techinc.com
Precision Magnetometers
Metrolab: expert for high-precision and high-field magnetometers
www.metrolab.com
Bolile sexuale
Lipsa de educatie sexuala poate duce la deces. Afla mai mult!
www.informarehpv.ro
Catch Hackers Red-Handed
with GFI EventsManager! Intrusion detection via event log monitoring
www.gfi.com
Related Stories
Nanoscience Study Shows That Quantum Dots 'Talk' (Feb. 23, 2006) — Scientists who hope to use quantum dots as the building blocks for the next generation of computers have found a way to make these artificial atoms ... > read more
New Record For Brightness Of Quantum Dots Set (Sep. 26, 2007) — By placing quantum dots on a specially designed photonic crystal, researchers have demonstrated enhanced fluorescence intensity by a factor of up to 108. Potential applications include ... > read more
Low Cost Quantum Dots For Biological Research Produced Through Microwave Synthesis (June 19, 2008) — Materials researchers have developed a simplified, low-cost process for producing high-quality, water-soluble 'quantum dots' for biological ... > read more
Scientists Develop Novel Multi-color Light-emitting Diodes (May 18, 2005) — A team of University of California scientists at Los Alamos National Laboratory have developed the first completely inorganic, multi-color light-emitting diodes (LEDs) based on colloidal quantum dots ... > read more
Smallest Quantum Dots Ever Created (Jan. 28, 2009) — Single atom quantum dots make possible a new level of control over individual electrons, a development that suddenly brings quantum dot-based devices within reach. Composed of a single atom of ... > read more
Search ScienceDaily
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Build Your Own Generator
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Magnets4Energy.Com
Anti-Reflective Coatings
Semiconductor photolithography material for improved CD control.
www.BrewerScience.com
Einstein's Method
A Fresh Approach to QM & Relativity A Scholarly, Ontological Inquiry
www.einsteinsmethod.com
Just In:
Lightning's Mirror Image ... Only Much Bigger
Using Light To Teach Magnets New Tricks
Microchip Does 1,000 Chemical Reactions At Once
Naming Evolution's Winners And Losers
Inner 'Fingerprint' For Personal Medical Care
Why Sleep? To Boost Efficiency, Minimize Risk
Ultrathin LEDs: New Class Of Displays
Oxycholesterol: Greatest Heart Disease Risk?
Oxycholesterol: Greatest Heart Disease Risk?
Science Video News
Molding Fingerprints
Photonic crystals -- materials with precise patterns of gaps that make them reflect only selected wavelengths of light -- could soon replace the. ... > full story
* Computer Scientists Create System That Gives Users A Sense Of Touch
* Food Chemists Use 'Edible Antifreeze' To Make Smoother Ice Cream
* Scientists Show Blue Light Can Help Reset Sleep Cycle
* more science videos
Breaking News
... from NewsDaily.com
* S.Korea seeks 4-year prison term for stem cell fraud
* Encyclopedia of Life grows; clues on ageing, pests
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* Gene swap experiment makes altering bugs easier
* more science news
In Other News ...
* Suspect in U.S. model murder found dead in Canada
* Facebook to boost staff by 50% in 2009: report
* Malaysian state to cane woman after Ramadan
* U.S. presses sanctions to end N.Korea atomic plans
* Singapore shoots down "rumor" of APEC attack plot
* Hurricane Bill kills 2 in U.S., drenches eastern Canada
* China trials over Xinjiang riot "likely this week"
* Warner Chilcott to buy P&G unit for $3 billion: sources
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