In normal photosynthesis, photosystem I grabs electrons from proteins higher up in the photosynthesis chain reaction. The team believe the viral photosystem I genes allow the cyanophages to not only take electrons from the proteins involved in photosythesis but also from other algal proteins.
"We suspect that when these phages enter the cell, they start to replace [the cell's] photosystem," says Béjà. "By grabbing electrons from all sources available at the time, they get more energy out of photosynthesis."
Eric Wommack of the University of Delaware in Newark says the discovery suggests these viruses may play a role in global oxygen production. "Their hosts produce half the world's oxygen and roughly 10 per cent of these cells are infected by cyanophages," he says. "So it is possible that as much as 5 per cent of the world's oxygen production results from cyanophage infected cells."Laser beams are about to get a whole lot more precise. Independent teams have found ways to shrink lasers to nanoscale dimensions in two radically different ways; one creating a spherical laser device 44 nanometres in diameter, while the other can concentrate laser light into a gap just 5 nm across.
Sources of electromagnetic waves cannot normally focus a beam to a size smaller than half its wavelength. For the spectrum of visible light, that's 190 to 350 nm.To go smaller, the teams used quasiparticles called surface plasmons – fluctuations in the density of electrons on a metal surface – which can absorb light, travel along the surface and re-emit that energy. They are much smaller than the wavelength of visible light, so it's possible to sustain a laser in a smaller area.
The trick to using them in a laser is to couple them with a medium which can amplify their light.
Silver sheet
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"We suspect that when these phages enter the cell, they start to replace [the cell's] photosystem," says Béjà. "By grabbing electrons from all sources available at the time, they get more energy out of photosynthesis."
Eric Wommack of the University of Delaware in Newark says the discovery suggests these viruses may play a role in global oxygen production. "Their hosts produce half the world's oxygen and roughly 10 per cent of these cells are infected by cyanophages," he says. "So it is possible that as much as 5 per cent of the world's oxygen production results from cyanophage infected cells."Laser beams are about to get a whole lot more precise. Independent teams have found ways to shrink lasers to nanoscale dimensions in two radically different ways; one creating a spherical laser device 44 nanometres in diameter, while the other can concentrate laser light into a gap just 5 nm across.
Sources of electromagnetic waves cannot normally focus a beam to a size smaller than half its wavelength. For the spectrum of visible light, that's 190 to 350 nm.To go smaller, the teams used quasiparticles called surface plasmons – fluctuations in the density of electrons on a metal surface – which can absorb light, travel along the surface and re-emit that energy. They are much smaller than the wavelength of visible light, so it's possible to sustain a laser in a smaller area.
The trick to using them in a laser is to couple them with a medium which can amplify their light.
Silver sheet
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Am vazut multe ceasuri superbe pe www.topceas.ro
Am vazut multe ceasuri superbe pe www.topceas.ro Am vazut multe ceasuri superbe pe www.topceas.ro Am vazut multe ceasuri superbe pe www.topceas.ro BitDefender Problem BitDefender 2010 Problem BitDefender 2010
