ontact with Chandrayaan-1 may have been lost because its antenna rotated out of direct contact with Earth, Karnik says. Earlier this year, the spacecraft lost both its primary and back-up star sensors, which use the positions of stars to orient the spacecraft.
Joint venture
After the failures, the spacecraft switched to using spinning gyroscopes to point the probe. A programming or hardware glitch with the gyros could have sent the craft spinning, Karnik says. "The star sensor played a major role and the loss of that certainly affected the further management of the spacecraft orientation and orbit," he told New Scientist.
The loss of Chandrayaan-1 comes less than a week after the spacecraft's orbit was adjusted to coordinate radar observations with NASA's Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter. During the manoeuvre, Chandrayaan-1 fired its radar beam into a crater on the moon's north pole. Both spacecraft listened for echoes that might indicate the presence of water ice – a precious resource for future lunar explorers.
The LHC will have to sprint to catch up, and it won't be easy. While the LHC's higher energies should produce more Higgs particles, it will also boost the production of other particles that can mimic a Higgs, says Gordon Kane of the University of Michigan in Ann Arbor. Telling between the two will require a precise understanding of how the LHC's detectors are working, which takes time to develop.
The LHC, however, could become the first to find particles of dark matter, a search for which the Tevatron is not well suited.hroughout the tropics, infections such as malaria, dengue fever, enteric pathogens and HIV have all been shown to rise sharply after new roads are built. Some indigenous groups, such as the Surui tribe of Brazilian Amazonia, have been driven to the edge of extinction by roads and the invading loggers, colonists and diseases they bring.
What can we do to slow the onslaught? First, we must vastly improve environmental impact assessments for planned roads. In many developing nations, EIAs focus solely on the roads themselves, completely ignoring the knock-on effects. In Brazil, for instance, EIAs for Amazonian highways focus only on a narrow swathe along the route, often recommending only paltry mitigation measures, such as helping animals to relocate before building begins. EIAs for certain mines, hydroelectric dams and other large developments focus only on the project itself while ignoring the impact of the roads it will invariably spawn. New roads will continue to drive rainforest destruction so long as the EIA process is so fundamentally flawed.It's a convenient crossroads on the way to a place you really want to visit," says Lou Friedman, founder and executive director of the Planetary Society, a space advocacy group that supports sending astronauts to Mars.
"The place we all want to go is Mars. Stepping out into interplanetary space, Lagrange points present the nearest milestone to Earth that's still beyond the moon," Friedman told New Scientist.
Going to L2 would take about a month and communications from Earth would take about four seconds to arrive at L2, while a trip to Mars would take at least six months and would involve communications delays of about 20 minutes.
NASA could use a Lagrange mission to test technologies needed for a Mars trip – such as life-support systems and ways to protect astronauts from harmful radiation – while remaining in easy contact with Earth.
This is still not as dramatic as a straight shot to Mars, Friedman says, but he says baby steps have value. "The Gemini programme leading up to Apollo didn't go anywhere [except low-Earth orbit] ... but everyone understood that every step it took was on the way to the moon," he says. "I see what we could do at Lagrange points in the same way. At each step we build up our capability to go further."
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Joint venture
After the failures, the spacecraft switched to using spinning gyroscopes to point the probe. A programming or hardware glitch with the gyros could have sent the craft spinning, Karnik says. "The star sensor played a major role and the loss of that certainly affected the further management of the spacecraft orientation and orbit," he told New Scientist.
The loss of Chandrayaan-1 comes less than a week after the spacecraft's orbit was adjusted to coordinate radar observations with NASA's Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter. During the manoeuvre, Chandrayaan-1 fired its radar beam into a crater on the moon's north pole. Both spacecraft listened for echoes that might indicate the presence of water ice – a precious resource for future lunar explorers.
The LHC will have to sprint to catch up, and it won't be easy. While the LHC's higher energies should produce more Higgs particles, it will also boost the production of other particles that can mimic a Higgs, says Gordon Kane of the University of Michigan in Ann Arbor. Telling between the two will require a precise understanding of how the LHC's detectors are working, which takes time to develop.
The LHC, however, could become the first to find particles of dark matter, a search for which the Tevatron is not well suited.hroughout the tropics, infections such as malaria, dengue fever, enteric pathogens and HIV have all been shown to rise sharply after new roads are built. Some indigenous groups, such as the Surui tribe of Brazilian Amazonia, have been driven to the edge of extinction by roads and the invading loggers, colonists and diseases they bring.
What can we do to slow the onslaught? First, we must vastly improve environmental impact assessments for planned roads. In many developing nations, EIAs focus solely on the roads themselves, completely ignoring the knock-on effects. In Brazil, for instance, EIAs for Amazonian highways focus only on a narrow swathe along the route, often recommending only paltry mitigation measures, such as helping animals to relocate before building begins. EIAs for certain mines, hydroelectric dams and other large developments focus only on the project itself while ignoring the impact of the roads it will invariably spawn. New roads will continue to drive rainforest destruction so long as the EIA process is so fundamentally flawed.It's a convenient crossroads on the way to a place you really want to visit," says Lou Friedman, founder and executive director of the Planetary Society, a space advocacy group that supports sending astronauts to Mars.
"The place we all want to go is Mars. Stepping out into interplanetary space, Lagrange points present the nearest milestone to Earth that's still beyond the moon," Friedman told New Scientist.
Going to L2 would take about a month and communications from Earth would take about four seconds to arrive at L2, while a trip to Mars would take at least six months and would involve communications delays of about 20 minutes.
NASA could use a Lagrange mission to test technologies needed for a Mars trip – such as life-support systems and ways to protect astronauts from harmful radiation – while remaining in easy contact with Earth.
This is still not as dramatic as a straight shot to Mars, Friedman says, but he says baby steps have value. "The Gemini programme leading up to Apollo didn't go anywhere [except low-Earth orbit] ... but everyone understood that every step it took was on the way to the moon," he says. "I see what we could do at Lagrange points in the same way. At each step we build up our capability to go further."
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Am vazut multe ceasuri superbe pe www.topceas.roAm vazut multe ceasuri superbe pe www.topceas.roAm vazut multe ceasuri superbe pe www.topceas.roBitDefender ProblemBitDefender 2010 ProblemBitDefender 2010
