Are machines capable of intelligence?
If we are talking intelligence in the animal sense, from the developments to date, I would have to say no. For me AI is a field of outstanding engineering achievements that helps us to model living systems but not replace them. It is the person who designs the algorithms and programs the machine who is intelligent, not the machine itself.
Are we close to building a machine that can meaningfully be described as sentient?
I'm an empirical kind of guy, and there is just no evidence of an artificial toehold in sentience. It is often forgotten that the idea of mind or brain as computational is merely an assumption, not a truth. When I point this out to "believers" in the computational theory of mind, some of their arguments are almost religious. They say, "What else could there be? Do you think mind is supernatural?" But accepting mind as a physical entity does not tell us what kind of physical entity it is. It could be a physical system that cannot be recreated by a computer.One of the first scientists to explore the effect of red on animal behaviour was Nobel prizewinning ethologist Niko Tinbergen. Around 60 years ago he noticed that whenever a red postal van parked outside his window, the sticklebacks in his aquarium would adopt an aggressive head-down posture normally reserved for encounters with rival males.
Primate behaviour is also strongly influenced by red. Joanna Setchell of Durham University found that mandrills, the world's largest species of monkey, use colour as a means of conflict management. In males, red faces, rumps and genitalia act as a status symbol, communicating fighting ability. "The brighter red a male is, the higher his testosterone level and the more aggressive he is," Setchell says. Between males of similar redness, threats, fights and tense stand-offs are frequent. Where there are large colour differences, the paler male usually stands down (Ethology, vol 111, p25).NEXT time you take in a lungful of oxygen, consider this: it was made possible in part by ocean viruses.
The viruses, which infect single-celled algae called cyanobacteria, are hyperefficient photosynthesisers thanks to a unique set of genes.
Previous work had shown that cyanophage viruses have some photosynthesis genes, apparently used to keep the host cyanobacteria on life support during the infection, which otherwise knocks out the cells' basic functions.
Now Oded Béjà from the Technion-Israel Institute of Technology in Haifa says that the cyanophages' photosynthetic proficiency doesn't stop there. While screening DNA sequences in water samples collected during Craig Venter's Global Ocean Sampling Expedition, his team discovered seven more photosynthesis genes coding for a complex of proteins collectively named photosystem I. They believe the viral complex has a unique shape that makes cyanophage photosynthesis hyperefficient.
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If we are talking intelligence in the animal sense, from the developments to date, I would have to say no. For me AI is a field of outstanding engineering achievements that helps us to model living systems but not replace them. It is the person who designs the algorithms and programs the machine who is intelligent, not the machine itself.
Are we close to building a machine that can meaningfully be described as sentient?
I'm an empirical kind of guy, and there is just no evidence of an artificial toehold in sentience. It is often forgotten that the idea of mind or brain as computational is merely an assumption, not a truth. When I point this out to "believers" in the computational theory of mind, some of their arguments are almost religious. They say, "What else could there be? Do you think mind is supernatural?" But accepting mind as a physical entity does not tell us what kind of physical entity it is. It could be a physical system that cannot be recreated by a computer.One of the first scientists to explore the effect of red on animal behaviour was Nobel prizewinning ethologist Niko Tinbergen. Around 60 years ago he noticed that whenever a red postal van parked outside his window, the sticklebacks in his aquarium would adopt an aggressive head-down posture normally reserved for encounters with rival males.
Primate behaviour is also strongly influenced by red. Joanna Setchell of Durham University found that mandrills, the world's largest species of monkey, use colour as a means of conflict management. In males, red faces, rumps and genitalia act as a status symbol, communicating fighting ability. "The brighter red a male is, the higher his testosterone level and the more aggressive he is," Setchell says. Between males of similar redness, threats, fights and tense stand-offs are frequent. Where there are large colour differences, the paler male usually stands down (Ethology, vol 111, p25).NEXT time you take in a lungful of oxygen, consider this: it was made possible in part by ocean viruses.
The viruses, which infect single-celled algae called cyanobacteria, are hyperefficient photosynthesisers thanks to a unique set of genes.
Previous work had shown that cyanophage viruses have some photosynthesis genes, apparently used to keep the host cyanobacteria on life support during the infection, which otherwise knocks out the cells' basic functions.
Now Oded Béjà from the Technion-Israel Institute of Technology in Haifa says that the cyanophages' photosynthetic proficiency doesn't stop there. While screening DNA sequences in water samples collected during Craig Venter's Global Ocean Sampling Expedition, his team discovered seven more photosynthesis genes coding for a complex of proteins collectively named photosystem I. They believe the viral complex has a unique shape that makes cyanophage photosynthesis hyperefficient.
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Am vazut multe ceasuri superbe pe www.topceas.ro Am vazut multe ceasuri superbe pe www.topceas.ro Am vazut multe ceasuri superbe pe www.topceas.ro BitDefender Problem BitDefender 2010 Problem BitDefender 2010
