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Scientists Create First Three-dimensional Global Map Of Electrical Conductivity In Earth's Mantle
ScienceDaily (Aug. 20, 2009) — As tags on household appliances warn, water conducts electricity extremely well. Now, scientists have found that enhanced electrical conductivity in parts of Earth's mantle may signal the presence of water far below our planet's surface.
See also:
Earth & Climate
* Water
* Geology
* Earth Science
* Environmental Issues
* Earthquakes
* Drought Research
Reference
* Lithosphere
* Continental crust
* Mid-ocean ridge
* Crust (geology)
The researchers created the first global three-dimensional map of electrical conductivity in the mantle. Results of their study are published this week in the journal Nature.
The areas of high conductivity coincide with subduction zones--places where tectonic plates are being subducted beneath the Earth's crust, say the Oregon State University (OSU) scientists who performed the research. They used electromagnetic induction sounding of the Earth's mantle in the study. The method is very sensitive to interconnecting pockets of fluid in rocks and minerals.
"This work is important because it complements global 3-D seismic imaging of Earth's interior, which uses sound waves generated by earthquakes," said Robin Reichlin, program director in the National Science Foundation (NSF)'s Division of Earth Sciences, which funded the research. "Scientists may be able to combine these two methods to tease out a more detailed understanding of variations in Earth's inner composition, water content and temperature."
Subducting plates are comparatively colder than surrounding mantle materials and should be less conductive, geologists have believed. However, the OSU scientists suggest, conductivity in these areas may be enhanced by water drawn downward during the subduction process.
"Many earth scientists thought that tectonic plates are not likely to carry much, if any, water deep into the Earth's mantle," said Adam Schultz, a geologist at OSU and a co-author of the Nature paper. "Our model, however, clearly shows a close association between subduction zones and high conductivity. The simplest explanation is water."
The study provides new insights into the fundamental ways in which our planet works, Schultz says. Despite advances in technology, scientists are still unsure how much water lies beneath the ocean floor--and how much of it makes its way into the mantle.
The implications are myriad. Water interacts with minerals differently at different depths, and small amounts of water may change the physical properties of rocks, alter the viscosity of materials in the mantle, assist in the formation of rising plumes of melted rock, and ultimately affect what flows out on the surface.
"In fact, we don't really know how much water there is on Earth," said Gary Egbert, an oceanographer at OSU and co-author of the paper. "There is some evidence that there is many times more water below the ocean floor than there is in all the oceans of the world combined. Our results may shed some light on this question."
There may be different explanations for how the water--if indeed the conductivity is reflecting water--got there.
"If it isn't being subducted down with the plates," Schultz said, "is it primordial, down there for four billion years? Or did it come down as the plates slowly subduct, suggesting that the planet may have been much wetter a long time ago? These are fascinating questions for which we don't yet have answers."
Anna Kelbert, a post-doctoral researcher at OSU and lead author of the paper, says that the next step is to replicate the experiment with newly available data from both ground observatories and satellites, then conduct further research to better understand the water cycle and how its interaction with deep-Earth minerals works.
Ultimately, the scientists hope to produce a model quantifying how much water may be in the mantle, locked up in its rocks.
Their work is also supported by NASA.
Adapted from materials provided by National Science Foundation.
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National Science Foundation (2009, August 20). Scientists Create First Three-dimensional Global Map Of Electrical Conductivity In Earth's Mantle. ScienceDaily. Retrieved August 23, 2009, from http://www.sciencedaily.com /releases/2009/08/090819153342.htm
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Scientists have mapped Earth's electrical conductivity on a global-scale in 3-D for the first time. (Credit: Anna Kelbert)
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Related Stories
Why Is The Earth’s Mantle Conductive? (Dec. 4, 2008) — Researchers in France have found that the high conductivity of the Earth's upper mantle is due to molten carbonates. They have demonstrated the very high conductivity of this form of carbon. Their ... > read more
Liverpool Scientist Discovers New Layer Of The Earth (Apr. 14, 2005) — A University of Liverpool scientist has discovered a new layer near the Earth's core, which will enable the internal temperature of the Earth's mantle to be measured at a much deeper level ... > read more
Continents Act Like Thermal Blankets: How Continental Drift Will Change Continents In 120 Million Years (Jan. 30, 2009) — Drifting of the large tectonic plates and the superimposed continents is not only powered by the heat-driven convection processes in the Earth's mantle, but rather retroacts on this internal driving ... > read more
FSU Scientist Finds Evidence Of High Iron Content Beneath Hawaii (Oct. 4, 2004) — A new set of measurements has allowed a Florida State University geochemist to confirm what other scientists have only suspected about what lies deep below the Earth's ... > read more
Age-old Mystery Of Missing Chemicals From Earth's Mantle May Be Solved (Dec. 9, 2007) — Observations about the early formation of Earth may answer an age-old question about why the planet's mantle is missing some of the matter that should be present. Earth is made from chondrite, very ... > read more
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ScienceDaily: Your source for the latest research news and science breakthroughs -- updated daily
Science News
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Scientists Create First Three-dimensional Global Map Of Electrical Conductivity In Earth's Mantle
ScienceDaily (Aug. 20, 2009) — As tags on household appliances warn, water conducts electricity extremely well. Now, scientists have found that enhanced electrical conductivity in parts of Earth's mantle may signal the presence of water far below our planet's surface.
See also:
Earth & Climate
* Water
* Geology
* Earth Science
* Environmental Issues
* Earthquakes
* Drought Research
Reference
* Lithosphere
* Continental crust
* Mid-ocean ridge
* Crust (geology)
The researchers created the first global three-dimensional map of electrical conductivity in the mantle. Results of their study are published this week in the journal Nature.
The areas of high conductivity coincide with subduction zones--places where tectonic plates are being subducted beneath the Earth's crust, say the Oregon State University (OSU) scientists who performed the research. They used electromagnetic induction sounding of the Earth's mantle in the study. The method is very sensitive to interconnecting pockets of fluid in rocks and minerals.
"This work is important because it complements global 3-D seismic imaging of Earth's interior, which uses sound waves generated by earthquakes," said Robin Reichlin, program director in the National Science Foundation (NSF)'s Division of Earth Sciences, which funded the research. "Scientists may be able to combine these two methods to tease out a more detailed understanding of variations in Earth's inner composition, water content and temperature."
Subducting plates are comparatively colder than surrounding mantle materials and should be less conductive, geologists have believed. However, the OSU scientists suggest, conductivity in these areas may be enhanced by water drawn downward during the subduction process.
"Many earth scientists thought that tectonic plates are not likely to carry much, if any, water deep into the Earth's mantle," said Adam Schultz, a geologist at OSU and a co-author of the Nature paper. "Our model, however, clearly shows a close association between subduction zones and high conductivity. The simplest explanation is water."
The study provides new insights into the fundamental ways in which our planet works, Schultz says. Despite advances in technology, scientists are still unsure how much water lies beneath the ocean floor--and how much of it makes its way into the mantle.
The implications are myriad. Water interacts with minerals differently at different depths, and small amounts of water may change the physical properties of rocks, alter the viscosity of materials in the mantle, assist in the formation of rising plumes of melted rock, and ultimately affect what flows out on the surface.
"In fact, we don't really know how much water there is on Earth," said Gary Egbert, an oceanographer at OSU and co-author of the paper. "There is some evidence that there is many times more water below the ocean floor than there is in all the oceans of the world combined. Our results may shed some light on this question."
There may be different explanations for how the water--if indeed the conductivity is reflecting water--got there.
"If it isn't being subducted down with the plates," Schultz said, "is it primordial, down there for four billion years? Or did it come down as the plates slowly subduct, suggesting that the planet may have been much wetter a long time ago? These are fascinating questions for which we don't yet have answers."
Anna Kelbert, a post-doctoral researcher at OSU and lead author of the paper, says that the next step is to replicate the experiment with newly available data from both ground observatories and satellites, then conduct further research to better understand the water cycle and how its interaction with deep-Earth minerals works.
Ultimately, the scientists hope to produce a model quantifying how much water may be in the mantle, locked up in its rocks.
Their work is also supported by NASA.
Adapted from materials provided by National Science Foundation.
Email or share this story:
| More
Need to cite this story in your essay, paper, or report? Use one of the following formats:
APA
MLA
National Science Foundation (2009, August 20). Scientists Create First Three-dimensional Global Map Of Electrical Conductivity In Earth's Mantle. ScienceDaily. Retrieved August 23, 2009, from http://www.sciencedaily.com /releases/2009/08/090819153342.htm
enlarge
Scientists have mapped Earth's electrical conductivity on a global-scale in 3-D for the first time. (Credit: Anna Kelbert)
Ads by Google
Advertise here
Pericole sexuale
Lipsa de informare poate duce la deces. Afla mai mult!
www.informarehpv.ro
Int. Diabetes Monitor
A free online review journal on trends in clinical diabetes.
InternationalDiabetesMonitor.com
NovoRapid®
Information on NovoRapid® for healthcare professionals.
www.NovoNordisk.com
5 Tips for a Hot Body
Ab exercises don't burn body fat, but this unique method does.
TruthAboutAbs.com
"25 Pounds in 2 Weeks"
Lose 25lbs in 2 Weeks - Guaranteed. Clinically Proven - Learn More!
www.AppliedNutritionalResearch.com
Related Stories
Why Is The Earth’s Mantle Conductive? (Dec. 4, 2008) — Researchers in France have found that the high conductivity of the Earth's upper mantle is due to molten carbonates. They have demonstrated the very high conductivity of this form of carbon. Their ... > read more
Liverpool Scientist Discovers New Layer Of The Earth (Apr. 14, 2005) — A University of Liverpool scientist has discovered a new layer near the Earth's core, which will enable the internal temperature of the Earth's mantle to be measured at a much deeper level ... > read more
Continents Act Like Thermal Blankets: How Continental Drift Will Change Continents In 120 Million Years (Jan. 30, 2009) — Drifting of the large tectonic plates and the superimposed continents is not only powered by the heat-driven convection processes in the Earth's mantle, but rather retroacts on this internal driving ... > read more
FSU Scientist Finds Evidence Of High Iron Content Beneath Hawaii (Oct. 4, 2004) — A new set of measurements has allowed a Florida State University geochemist to confirm what other scientists have only suspected about what lies deep below the Earth's ... > read more
Age-old Mystery Of Missing Chemicals From Earth's Mantle May Be Solved (Dec. 9, 2007) — Observations about the early formation of Earth may answer an age-old question about why the planet's mantle is missing some of the matter that should be present. Earth is made from chondrite, very ... > read more
Search ScienceDaily
Number of stories in archives: 44,032
Find with keyword(s):
Enter a keyword or phrase to search ScienceDaily's archives for related news topics,
the latest news stories, reference articles, science videos, images, and books.
Ads by Google
Advertise here
Just In:
Why Sleep? To Boost Efficiency, Minimize Risk
Ultrathin LEDs: New Class Of Displays
Oxycholesterol: Greatest Heart Disease Risk?
Artificial Life One Step Closer?
New Way To Reproduce A Black Hole?
Aphids Saved From Gruesome Death By Virus
Human Appendix: No Biological 'Remnant'
Bioluminescent 'Green Bombers' From The Deep
Bioluminescent 'Green Bombers' From The Deep
Science Video News
World On Water
Geophysicists determined that tectonic mountain-building processes are not the only factor that determines elevation in North America. The. ... > full story
* Chemists Create Self-assembling Conductive Rubber
* Astronomers Discover That The Earth's Magnetotail Charges The Surface Of The Moon
* Environmental Engineers, Water Scientists Develop Children's Kit for Monitoring Water Health
* more science videos
Breaking News
... from NewsDaily.com
* Satellites put into orbit for Japan and Australia
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* more science news
In Other News ...
* Hundreds flee wildfire burning homes near Athens
* Rival Koreas meet ahead of state funeral
* Australian oil well to gush for nearly two months
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* CIA report has new details of prisoner abuse
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* North Korea's Kim sends message to South's leader
* Gaddafi hugs Lockerbie bomber; Britain denies deal
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