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Young Arctic Muskoxen Better At Keeping Warm Than Scientists Thought
ScienceDaily (Aug. 20, 2009) — A new study finds that young muskoxen conserve heat almost as well as adults, a finding that runs contrary to a longstanding assumption among scientists that young animals should be more vulnerable in extreme cold. The study, by biologist Adam Munn from the University of Sydney, Australia, will be published in the forthcoming issue of Physiological and Biochemical Zoology.
See also:
Plants & Animals
* Extinction
* Nature
* Endangered Animals
Earth & Climate
* Weather
* Global Warming
* Severe Weather
Reference
* Muskox
* Fog
* Greenhouse
* Antifreeze protein
Surviving freezing winters is tough for any animal, but it is generally assumed to be tougher on the young. Young animals theoretically should have a harder time holding heat because they have larger ratios of surface area to body volume, meaning more of their body mass is directly exposed to the cold. That theory appeared to hold true for muskoxen—shaggy vegetarians that look a bit like buffalo, but are actually more closely related to sheep. Scientists have previously reported high death rates for muskox calves during especially cold winters in their arctic habitats.
But in measuring heat loss in adult and young muskoxen, Munn and his research team found that the cold itself might not be the culprit.
"To our surprise, we found that the smaller calves were not more thermally stressed than larger adults," said Munn said.
Munn and his team observed a population of muskoxen at the University of Alaska's R.G. White Large Animal Research Facility in Fairbanks. They used infrared sensing equipment to measure heat loss from the body surface of animals in contact with cold air and the frozen ground. Munn tested the muskoxen during winter foraging, when the animals were the most directly exposed to the cold.
The researchers found that both calves and adults sacrificed only two to six percent of their daily energy intake to heat loss during foraging bouts, even when temperatures dipped to minus 50 Celsius (minus 58 Fahrenheit).
"This suggests that any thermoregulatory constraints associated with a small body size may not be as important for calf survival as previously thought," Munn says. "This is important because calf mortality in muskoxen and other large arctic herbivores has been variously linked with severe winters, which are expected to increase in number and severity with current climate trends.
"However, we present evidence that thermal costs per se may not be driving calf mortalities in muskoxen."
That doesn't mean climate change presents no risk to muskoxen or other large herbivores. They still face danger from food shortages and other ecological disturbances, Munn says.
Muskoxen have a variety of ways to fight heat loss. They are insulated by thick fur called qiviut, and they likely have the ability to direct blood away from their extremities in cold weather.
"Overall, our work shows that predicting a species' responses to climate change requires detailed understanding of all aspects of their physiological ecology, and particularly for how this changes throughout life," Munn says.
Journal reference:
1. Munn et al. Sensible Heat Loss from Muskoxen (Ovibos moschatus) Feeding in Winter: Small Calves Are Not at a Thermal Disadvantage Compared with Adult Cows. Physiological and Biochemical Zoology, 2009; 82 (5): 455 DOI: 10.1086/605400
Adapted from materials provided by University of Chicago Press Journals, via EurekAlert!, a service of AAAS.
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University of Chicago Press Journals (2009, August 20). Young Arctic Muskoxen Better At Keeping Warm Than Scientists Thought. ScienceDaily. Retrieved August 23, 2009, from http://www.sciencedaily.com /releases/2009/08/090820161146.htm
enlarge
Musk Oxen on Devon Island, Nunavut, Canadian Arctic. (Credit: iStockphoto/Richard Sidey)
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Related Stories
Future Impact Of Global Warming Is Worse When Grazing Animals Are Considered, Scientists Suggest (Aug. 21, 2008) — The impact of global warming in the Arctic may differ from the predictions of computer models, according to new research, which shows that grazing animals will play a key role in reducing the ... > read more
Muskox Suffered Loss Of Genetic Diversity At Pleistocene/Holocene Transition (Oct. 6, 2005) — The tundra muskox, one of the few large northern mammals to have survived to the present day, saw its genetic diversity decrease greatly at the end of the Pleistocene period, around 10,000 years ... > read more
In Horse Play, Adult-to-young Ratio Is Key (Mar. 24, 2009) — Adults of many animal species play a crucial role in the social development of youngsters. A new study reveals that the ratio of adults to young plays a much more important role in social development ... > read more
Natural Anti-freeze: How Arthropods Survive The Cold (Apr. 3, 2007) — Given the choice, many of us would opt for warmer climes during the bleak midwinter. However, most of us cannot afford to move abroad for a few months, so instead we pile on extra layers of clothing ... > read more
Arctic Sea Ice Is Suddenly Getting Thinner As Well As Receding (Nov. 3, 2008) — Last winter, the thickness of sea ice in large parts of the Arctic fell by nearly half a meter (19 per cent) compared with the average thickness of the previous five winters. This followed the ... > read more
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ScienceDaily: Your source for the latest research news and science breakthroughs -- updated daily
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Young Arctic Muskoxen Better At Keeping Warm Than Scientists Thought
ScienceDaily (Aug. 20, 2009) — A new study finds that young muskoxen conserve heat almost as well as adults, a finding that runs contrary to a longstanding assumption among scientists that young animals should be more vulnerable in extreme cold. The study, by biologist Adam Munn from the University of Sydney, Australia, will be published in the forthcoming issue of Physiological and Biochemical Zoology.
See also:
Plants & Animals
* Extinction
* Nature
* Endangered Animals
Earth & Climate
* Weather
* Global Warming
* Severe Weather
Reference
* Muskox
* Fog
* Greenhouse
* Antifreeze protein
Surviving freezing winters is tough for any animal, but it is generally assumed to be tougher on the young. Young animals theoretically should have a harder time holding heat because they have larger ratios of surface area to body volume, meaning more of their body mass is directly exposed to the cold. That theory appeared to hold true for muskoxen—shaggy vegetarians that look a bit like buffalo, but are actually more closely related to sheep. Scientists have previously reported high death rates for muskox calves during especially cold winters in their arctic habitats.
But in measuring heat loss in adult and young muskoxen, Munn and his research team found that the cold itself might not be the culprit.
"To our surprise, we found that the smaller calves were not more thermally stressed than larger adults," said Munn said.
Munn and his team observed a population of muskoxen at the University of Alaska's R.G. White Large Animal Research Facility in Fairbanks. They used infrared sensing equipment to measure heat loss from the body surface of animals in contact with cold air and the frozen ground. Munn tested the muskoxen during winter foraging, when the animals were the most directly exposed to the cold.
The researchers found that both calves and adults sacrificed only two to six percent of their daily energy intake to heat loss during foraging bouts, even when temperatures dipped to minus 50 Celsius (minus 58 Fahrenheit).
"This suggests that any thermoregulatory constraints associated with a small body size may not be as important for calf survival as previously thought," Munn says. "This is important because calf mortality in muskoxen and other large arctic herbivores has been variously linked with severe winters, which are expected to increase in number and severity with current climate trends.
"However, we present evidence that thermal costs per se may not be driving calf mortalities in muskoxen."
That doesn't mean climate change presents no risk to muskoxen or other large herbivores. They still face danger from food shortages and other ecological disturbances, Munn says.
Muskoxen have a variety of ways to fight heat loss. They are insulated by thick fur called qiviut, and they likely have the ability to direct blood away from their extremities in cold weather.
"Overall, our work shows that predicting a species' responses to climate change requires detailed understanding of all aspects of their physiological ecology, and particularly for how this changes throughout life," Munn says.
Journal reference:
1. Munn et al. Sensible Heat Loss from Muskoxen (Ovibos moschatus) Feeding in Winter: Small Calves Are Not at a Thermal Disadvantage Compared with Adult Cows. Physiological and Biochemical Zoology, 2009; 82 (5): 455 DOI: 10.1086/605400
Adapted from materials provided by University of Chicago Press Journals, via EurekAlert!, a service of AAAS.
Email or share this story:
| More
Need to cite this story in your essay, paper, or report? Use one of the following formats:
APA
MLA
University of Chicago Press Journals (2009, August 20). Young Arctic Muskoxen Better At Keeping Warm Than Scientists Thought. ScienceDaily. Retrieved August 23, 2009, from http://www.sciencedaily.com /releases/2009/08/090820161146.htm
enlarge
Musk Oxen on Devon Island, Nunavut, Canadian Arctic. (Credit: iStockphoto/Richard Sidey)
Ads by Google
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Skin. Discount Price. All Natural Products. Quality Wholesale Supply!
PandaBuy.com
Int. Diabetes Monitor
A free online review journal on trends in clinical diabetes.
InternationalDiabetesMonitor.com
The Carbon Cycle
Studying carbon cycle is a key to predicting Earth's climate change
www.america.gov/carbon.html
Bolile sexuale
Lipsa de educatie sexuala poate duce la deces. Afla mai mult!
www.informarehpv.ro
DSM & Climate Change
International R&D project on using DSM to reduce greenhouse emissions
www.ieadsm.org
Related Stories
Future Impact Of Global Warming Is Worse When Grazing Animals Are Considered, Scientists Suggest (Aug. 21, 2008) — The impact of global warming in the Arctic may differ from the predictions of computer models, according to new research, which shows that grazing animals will play a key role in reducing the ... > read more
Muskox Suffered Loss Of Genetic Diversity At Pleistocene/Holocene Transition (Oct. 6, 2005) — The tundra muskox, one of the few large northern mammals to have survived to the present day, saw its genetic diversity decrease greatly at the end of the Pleistocene period, around 10,000 years ... > read more
In Horse Play, Adult-to-young Ratio Is Key (Mar. 24, 2009) — Adults of many animal species play a crucial role in the social development of youngsters. A new study reveals that the ratio of adults to young plays a much more important role in social development ... > read more
Natural Anti-freeze: How Arthropods Survive The Cold (Apr. 3, 2007) — Given the choice, many of us would opt for warmer climes during the bleak midwinter. However, most of us cannot afford to move abroad for a few months, so instead we pile on extra layers of clothing ... > read more
Arctic Sea Ice Is Suddenly Getting Thinner As Well As Receding (Nov. 3, 2008) — Last winter, the thickness of sea ice in large parts of the Arctic fell by nearly half a meter (19 per cent) compared with the average thickness of the previous five winters. This followed the ... > read more
Search ScienceDaily
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Find with keyword(s):
Enter a keyword or phrase to search ScienceDaily's archives for related news topics,
the latest news stories, reference articles, science videos, images, and books.
Ads by Google
Advertise here
NovoRapid®
Information on NovoRapid® for healthcare professionals.
www.NovoNordisk.com
US Global Warming News
Latest US Global Warming News For Business Professionals & Analysts
GlobalWarming.EINnews.com
Animal photo encyclopedia
Lion, Elephant, Owl, Dolphin, ... Explore, enjoy, share, vote
www.fotopedia.com/en/Animal
Just In:
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Ultrathin LEDs: New Class Of Displays
Oxycholesterol: Greatest Heart Disease Risk?
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Human Appendix: No Biological 'Remnant'
Bioluminescent 'Green Bombers' From The Deep
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Astronomy students looking for supernovae examined photographs and found asteroids. They used both unaided eyes and computer analysis to identify the. ... > full story
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